Molding, is also spelled as moulding, in architecture and 
the decorative arts, a defining, transitional, or terminal 
element that contours or outlines the edges and surfaces on 
a projection or cavity, such as a cornice, architrave, 
capital, arch, base, or jamb. The surface of a molding is 
modeled with recesses and reliefs, which either maintain a 
constant profile or are set in rhythmically repeated 
patterns. Of primary importance in the design of a molding 
is the type of shadow it will cast. 

Origin of Molding
Moldings doubtlessly originated in prehistoric building, 
where they served specific structural functions, such as 
supporting, binding, or separating surfaces. As monumental 
architecture developed, moldings were gradually translated 
from wood or other ephemeral materials into more permanent 
ones, most often stone. In this gradual transition, 
moldings were retained as a matter of conservatism or 
taste; in stone they were elaborated and refined, 
contributing order and richness to a decorative system. 
Although their original structural function was often 
satisfied by other means, moldings were used in a manner 
that implied a structural logic. From this usage, best 
characterized in the orders of architecture of ancient 
Greece, it was possible later to develop theories for the 
correct form and employment of moldings, according to which 
several basic shapes were standardized in the vocabulary of 
architectural designs. The basic standardized forms of 
molding are – flat or angular, single curved and compound 
or composite.
Carvings on them inspired by natural forms have 
traditionally enhanced the basic profiles of moldings. 
These carvings might consist of stylized flower or leaf 
forms, geometric motifs, spirals, or combinations of 
rounded and angular forms such as the familiar egg and dart 
pattern. The combination of basic profiles and decorative 
carvings created a rich vocabulary for moldings that has 
been utilized by Western architects from the time of the 
ancient Greeks onward.